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Peru covers 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi). It borders Ecuador and
Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast,
Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The Andes
mountains run parallel to the Pacific Ocean, dividing the country into
three geographic regions. The costa (coast), to the west, is a narrow
plain, largely arid except for valleys created by seasonal rivers. The
sierra (highlands) is the region of the Andes; it includes the Altiplano
plateau as well as the highest peak of the country, the 6,768 m (22,205
ft) Huascarán. The third region is the selva (jungle), a wide expanse of
flat terrain covered by the Amazon rainforest that extends east. Almost
60% of the country's area is located within this region.
Machu Picchu
was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls.
Its three primary buildings are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun,
and the Room of the Three Windows. These are located in what is known by
archaeologists as the Sacred District of Machu Picchu.
Most Peruvian rivers originate in the peaks of the Andes and drain into
one of three basins. Those that drain toward the Pacific Ocean are steep
and short, flowing only intermittently. Tributaries of the Amazon River
are longer, have a much larger flow, and are less steep once they exit
the sierra. Rivers that drain into Lake Titicaca are generally short and
have a large flow. Peru's longest rivers are the Ucayali, the Marañón,
the Putumayo, the Yavarí, the Huallaga, the Urubamba, the Mantaro, and
the Amazon.
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