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Expansion and control

In Inca eyes the known world was their empire, and expansion therefore limitless. They divided their territories into four basic regions, or suyos , each radiating from the central plaza in Cusco: Chincha Suyo (northwest), Anit Suyo (northeast), Cunti Suyo (southwest) and Colla Suyo (southeast). Each suyo naturally had its own particular problems and characteristics but all were approached in the same way - initially being demoralized or forced into submission by the Inca army, later absorbed as allies for further conquests. In this way the Incas never seemed to overextend their lines to the fighting front.

The most impressive feature of an Inca army must in fact have been its sheer numbers - a relatively minor force would have included five thousand men. Their armour usually consisted of quilted cotton shirts and a small shield painted with designs or decorated with magnificent plumes. The common warriors - using slingshots, spears, axes and maces - were often supported by archers drafted from the "savages" living in the eastern forests. When the Spanish arrived on horseback the Incas were quick to invent new weapons: large two-handed hardwood swords and bolas (wooden balls connected by a string), good for tangling up the horses' legs. The only prisoners of war traditionally taken by a conquering Inca army were chieftains, who lived comfortably in Cusco as hostages against the good behaviour of their respective tribes. Along with the chiefs, the most important portable idols and huacas of conquered peoples were held in Cusco as sacred hostages. Often the children of the ruling chieftains were also taken to Cusco to be indoctrinated in Inca ways.

This pragmatic approach toward their subjects is exemplified again in the Inca policy of forced resettlement . Whole villages were sometimes sent into entirely new regions, ostensibly to increase the crop yield of plants like coca or corn and to vary their diet by importing manioc and chillis - though it was often criminals and rebellious citizens who ended up in the hottest, most humid regions. Large groups of people might also be sent from relatively suspect tribes into areas where mostly loyal subjects lived, or into the newly colonized outer fringes of the empire; many trustworthy subjects were also moved into zones where restlessness might have been expected. It seems likely that the whole colonization project was as much a political manoeuvre as a device to diversify the Inca economic or dietary base. As new regions came under imperial influence, the threat from rebellious elements was minimized by their geographical dispersion.

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 Published articles and reviews about us

2009 Testimonials

Ajay Parikh
 Date: Thu,16 Jul 2009

Hello all the folks at Peru Gateway Travel, 
We had a fantastic time in Peru.  We thank you all for making our trip a success. 
The only concern is that the accommodation in Cusco was below average and we would not recommend the Emparada Plaza (?) to anyone.  Even though the staff was good, the room/bathroom, breakfast was very bad. 
Once again, thanks a lot for making our trip to your country a memorable one.  All the guides, especially Guillarmo in Lima and Erica in Cusco, were excellent.

Kazuaki Kubo
 Date: Thu,16 Jul 2009

I want to thank you and all of the staff of Peru Gateway Travel for the perfect arrangement of my trip in June.
Everything was so fantastic and I was made to think about another trip to Peru. 

Sincerely, Denise Pratico
 Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2009

I am writing to let you know that we enjoyed Peru very much. The city tour led by Marco was fantastic. We will be happy to recommend your agency to other Americans

Jane
 Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2009

We have completed our trip to Peru and are now back in New York City.  I want to thank you for all the arrangements you made.  The trip was wonderful and all our accommodations excellent.  Thank you for making our trip a success. 

Best regards, Marcy
 Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2009

We arrived home at 4 o'clock in the morning, very tired (we had a long lay-over in Amsterdam) but very very happy. I am so pleased to tell you that our Peru vacation that you planned for us was excellent! Everything was just as the itinerary said it would be. We were very pleased with the hotels, and the transfer people and guides were always there and everybody was so nice and knowledgeable. We learned a lot about your very exciting country and its history, particularly about the Quechua culture. We will always remember the Inti Raymi festival in Cusco. I am so glad we were able to see that. Of course Machu Picchu was also a great highlight. And, Michael and I also very much liked Arequipa. We didn't know much about that city, but we had a very great time there on our free day and visited the cathedral, spent a lot of time going through the Santa Catalina monastario and, of course, went to the museum to see "Juanita". Beautiful architecture there too.
Really, every day was wonderful, and we would like to thank you so much for all your efforts. Also please extend our thanks to Maria Carmen who was so helpful on the phone and to Julia, who came to the hotel our first night to explain many things to us and give us all our tickets and vouchers. And perhaps you also had something to do with our last night in Lima at the Libertador. We got a suite -- a very big beautiful room! Thank you so much.
We wish you and your family all the best, and for sure we will be recommending Peru Gateway Travel to our friends.

 

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