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In less than a century, the Incas developed and knitted
together a vast empire peopled by something like twenty million Indians. They
established an imperial religion in some harmony with those of their subject
tribes; erected monolithic fortresses, salubrious palaces and temples; and,
astonishingly, evolved a viable economy - strong enough to maintain a top-heavy
elite in almost godlike grandeur. To understand these achievements and get some
idea of what they must have meant in Peru five or six hundred years ago, you
really have to see for yourself their surviving heritage: the stones of Inca
ruins and roads; the cultural objects in the museums of Lima and Cusco; and
their living descendants who still work the soil and speak Quechua - the
language used by the Incas to unify their empire. We've included but the
briefest of introductions to their history, society and achievements
Inca society
The Inca Empire rapidly developed a hierarchical structure . At the highest
level it was governed by the Sapa Inca , son of the sun and direct descendant of
the god Viracocha. Under him were the priest-nobles - the royal allyu... read more >>
Expansion and control
In Inca eyes the known world was their empire, and expansion therefore
limitless. They divided their territories into four basic regions, or suyos ,
each radiating from the central plaza in Cusco: Chincha Suyo (northwest), Anit... read more >>
Economy, agriculture and building
The main resources available to the Inca Empire were agricultural land and
labour, mines (producing precious and prestigious metals such as gold, silver or
copper), and fresh water, abundant everywhere except along the desert coast.
With... read more >>
Arts and crafts
Surprisingly, perhaps, Inca masonry was very rarely carved or adorned in any
way. Smaller stone items, however, were frequently ornate and beautiful. High
technical standards were achieved, too, in pottery . Around Cusco especially,
the art of... read more >>
Religion
The Inca religion was easily capable of incorporating the religious features of
most subjugated regions. The setting for beliefs, idols and oracles, more or
less throughout the entire empire, had been preordained over the previous two
thousand... read more >>
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